How to get the most out of your Zirconium Dioxide Oxygen Sensor?

This article gives an overview of helpful hints on how to pro-long the life of SSTÂ’s Zirconia Oxygen Sensors. The application in which the zirconia oxygen sensor is operating influences the life of the sensor. To ensure the sensor does not fail prematurely, the following hints and tips should be considered:

Fail Safe Operation and Sensor Asymmetry
One of the main benefits of the dynamic and active cell employed within the oxygen sensor is that it is inherently fail safe. The continual cycling and measuring of the generated Nernst voltage is effectively the heartbeat of the sensor, if this stops something fatal has occurred within the cell. This can very quickly be detected by the interface electronics

Refer to the Zirconia Sensor Operating Principle and Construction Guide for details.

Operating in Aggressive Humid Environments
When operating the zirconia oxygen sensors in warm, humid environments it is important the sensor remains at a higher temperature than its surroundings, especially if there are corrosive components in the measurement gas. During operation this is less of an issue as the heater operates at 700⁰C, however this means when the sensor or application is being powered down the sensor heater must be the last thing to be turned off after the temperature of the surroundings have suitably cooled. Ideally the sensor should be left powered or at a lower standby voltage (2V typically) at all times in very humid environments.

Failure to adhere to these rules will result in condensation forming on the heater and sensing element. When the sensor is re-powered the condensation will evaporate, leaving behind corrosive salts which very quickly destroy the heater and sensing element as illustrated in the image to the left. Note how the sensorÂ’s external metalwork looks completely normal.

Protecting from Excessive Moisture
In environments where excessive moisture or falling water droplets are likely, the sensor should be protected from water reaching or falling directly onto the very hot sensor cap as this can cause massive temperature shocks to the cell and heater. Popular methods include a hood over the sensor cap or for the sensor to be mounted in a larger diameter cylinder.

At a very minimum the sensor cap should be angled downwards in the application as this will deflect any falling moisture and prevent the sensor cap from filling with water.

Using the Sensor with Silicone
Zirconia oxygen sensors are damaged by the presence of silicone in the measurement gas. Vapours (organic silicone compounds) of RTV rubbers and sealants are the main culprits and are widely used in many applications. These materials are often made with cheaper silicones, that when heated still outgas silicone vapours into the surrounding atmosphere. When these vapours reach the sensor, the organic part of the sensor will be burned at hot sensor parts, leaving behind a very fine divided Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂). This SiO₂ completely blocks the pores and activ