Laparoscopic Surgery also known as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery is a modern surgical technique in which abdominal operations are carried out by making small incisions as compared to larger incisions needed in laparotomy. It uses images which are displayed on a monitor for magnification of the surgical elements. This technique includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery that is performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. They both however belong to the broader field of endoscopy. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery compared to the open procedure. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions and haemorrhaging and shorter recovery time. There are two basic types of instruments used, being the telescopic rod lens system and the digital laparoscope.
